In 2022, imports in Africa reached $706 billion, an increase of 253% compared to the year 2000. This impressive figure highlights the growing role of the continent in global trade, with its imports now accounting for about 2% of the total.

Where do these imported products come from?

Europe remains Africa’s main trading partner, accounting for 33% of imports, followed by Asia (22%) and North America (15%).

What’s in this import basket?

Manufactured goods dominate, representing 40% of the total and including machinery, vehicles, electronics, and chemicals. Petroleum products make up 20%, essential for meeting the continent's growing energy demands, while food products account for 10%, reflecting persistent food insecurity in some regions.

Is this boom in imports good news?

The answer is complex. On the one hand, it reflects Africa’s growing economic vitality and its gradual integration into global value chains. On the other, it raises concerns about dependency on imports and vulnerability to international price fluctuations.

Can Africa fully benefit from this wave of imports?

This will depend on its ability to develop its own manufacturing industries and transform imported products into high-value finished goods. Investment in education, training, and innovation will be crucial to meeting this challenge.

Conclusion

Africa finds itself at a crucial juncture in its economic history. The surge in imports presents immense opportunities but also carries risks. To fully reap the benefits of globalization, Africa must pursue an ambitious and inclusive development strategy, focusing on structural transformation of its economy and maximizing its human resources.

Sources

• ITC - Africa and Cameroon
• UNECA
• ITC
• Flot France

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